Full house: former street children in Manila

Last year I visited Manila, capital of the Philippines, with photographer Sharron Lovell to document a day in the life of three children, for the launch of the new UNICEF UK website. One of them was thirteen-year-old Mary (not her real name) who lived with her family on the street outside Starbucks, where her mother ran a cigarette stall. Back then, Mary spent her days working on the stall or looking after her younger sisters, and her nights hanging out on the streets with other street children, many of whom ‘did rugby’ (sniffed solvents).

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Educating Sally: a street child goes to school

The Philippines will always have a special place in my heart. I lived and worked here for three months in 2009, following Typhoon Ketsana and the flooding of Manila. It was my first overseas posting and I was captivated by the friendly, outgoing people, the colourful chaos of the cities with their brightly decorated ‘jeepneys’ (public buses made from converted army jeeps), and the unspoilt natural landscapes of the islands and mountains.

One of my tasks back then was to collect photos and stories of children living on the streets of Manila, to feature in UNICEF UK’s ‘Put it Right’ campaign, which aimed to raise awareness of children’s rights and money to protect them. One girl who featured heavily in the final material was three-year-old Sally, along with thirteen-year-old Mary and fifteen-year-old Crisanto (not their real names). Although this time I was in the country to help UNICEF Philippines develop a digital communications strategy, I took the opportunity to revisit the three children and see how they were getting on.

After a morning in the office, I made my way to Childhope Asia Philippines, a local charity supported by UNICEF that works with street children. Childhope is run out of an old Spanish villa in Paco, a district of Manila. The road outside was potholed and lined with posters from local politicians wishing residents a ‘Happy Fiesta’. Inside, the villa was full of faded grandeur – high ceilings, teak wood panels, antiques and oil paintings. An administrator worked on an old typewriter surrounded by paper files, while electric fans thudded rhythmically, moving hot air around the room. Above the bay window hung an alternative take on Da Vinci’s ‘Last Supper’, with the disciples replaced by Filipino street children.

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A Day in the Life: Mary's story

Thirteen-year-old Mary (not her real name) lives and works with her family on the streets of Manila, capital of the Philippines. The family occupy a corner of the pavement outside Starbucks in Binondo Square, where they sell cigarettes and newspapers, cook and eat, and sleep outside at night. Mary works with her mother on the family stall and looks after her younger sisters. She’s been out of school for three years.

The family have been forced onto the streets because of poverty. “We have a house in Cavite, south of Manila, but there aren’t enough opportunities there to earn a living,” Mary explains. “That’s why we live on the streets in Binondo. We’ve been here for three years now. My mother works as a street vendor, selling cigarettes, snacks and newspapers. My stepfather is a community guard and my older brother drives a pedicab. My younger brother Jun-jun is a jeepney barker – he hails buses and taxis for passengers”

Although they no longer live there, the family still pays 500 peso (£7.30) a month in rent on their house. “Sometimes we don’t have enough money to pay the rent, which is why we don’t have anything to sell,” Mary says. “Whatever we earn is just enough to buy my stepfather’s medicine. He needs a lot of medicine because he has diabetes and a heart condition.”

Working life

Mary has a busy daily schedule. “In the mornings I help my mother out,” she says. “After waking we tidy up, then I boil some water. After that I go with Mama to buy her wares. Then I take care of my younger sister. My friends are Love, Cecile and Mariel. They cheer me up when I’m sad. They make me laugh or they say: ‘Forget your problems for a while, let’s go and swim in the river’.”

Children from the Binondo area often swim in the Pasig River, which runs through the centre of Manila. They challenge each other to jump off a road bridge above the river. After a typhoon, they come to the river to catch fish that have escaped from damaged fish pens further upstream.

“When evening comes I hang out with my friends but they sometimes do rugby,” [a Filipino term for sniffing glue], Mary continues. “Now I spend more evenings helping Mama and sleeping with her. We have to wait for Starbucks to close so we don’t get to sleep until after midnight.”

Life on the streets presents many challenges for children like Mary. “The main problems for me are not having a place to stay and not being able to go to school,” she says. “I used to go to school even when we lived on the streets, but one day when I was in the third grade, I asked Mama to go with me to school to claim my report card. It’s a requirement that the parent be there.

“I had no idea that my little sister would go missing that day. When we returned home, she was gone. She was missing for four days until she was found by a social worker. It turns out that two kids took her while we were away. They even put her in a sack. After that, my stepfather wouldn’t let me go school anymore. He said many hurtful things to me and I ran away because I was so upset.”

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Given a chance

Mary attends street education sessions run by Childhope Asia Philippines, with support from UNICEF. “I like all of the sessions, particularly the life skills education and the choir practice,” she says. “Its fun to be in the choir because you learn to sing and you get to express the problems you carry in your heart. Sometimes, I wish they would teach choir every day instead of just Wednesdays. The life skills sessions have taught me how to plan for my future to achieve my ambitions and dreams. Everyone has a dream and street children are no different. Even animals dream of eating good food.”

Mary is now a Junior Advocate for children’s rights. “We teach other children about gender sensitivity, life skills and substance abuse,” she explains. “I used to sniff glue because I thought it would help me forget my problems. But I was wrong, it added to my problems. It stopped me from studying. If I can go back to school and finish my studies, I’d like to be a reporter. I’ll be able to solve problems and help support my family. And I can tell other people what’s going on. I’ll be able to offer assistance when a child goes missing.”

Despite her problems, Mary is positive about life. “I’m happy here, in a way, because we have enough to eat and I have lots of friends,” she says. “But we’re dependent on my stepfather and he often gets ill. What would happen to us if he’s no longer around? Sometimes I think about going to a shelter because I know that it would be better for me there. But I don’t want to leave Mama. I have a responsibility to her and to my brothers and sisters.”

Mary is thankful for the chance she’s been given to continue her studies. “I’m grateful to Childhope because they are able to help children finish their education,” she says. “They teach us and show concern for us. They treat us like family, not like strangers. I’m also grateful to Butch, our street educator, because he patiently guides us no matter what the time. Even if it means he goes to sleep late and has to wake up early for work the next morning, he still comes and finds us.”

Upholding child rights

UNICEF is helping children like Mary get a basic education, talk about their problems and, ultimately, get off the streets and back into school. The programme works on three levels: on the streets, where outreach workers get to know the children and win their trust; in shelters, where children can stay and attend school; and in the community, where local ‘barangay’ councils respond to issues affecting children.

We’re supporting Childhope Asia Philippines, which employs street educators like Butch. They go out onto the streets of Manila and make contact with the children. They provide counselling and basic education through alternative learning sessions, help the children access information and services, and ultimately motivate them to give up life on the streets. UNICEF provides training and materials for the street educators and food for children who attend the sessions.

For children like Mary, life is an ongoing battle where their rights are denied on a daily basis. However, through the work of UNICEF, Childhope Asia Philippines and street educators like Butch, there is hope that at least some children will escape this vicious circle and start enjoying their right to a full and happy childhood.

A Day in the Life: Crisanto's story

Fifteen-year-old Crisanto (not his real name) lives at Pangarap Shelter for Street Children in Manila, capital of the Philippines. He ran away from home when he was nine because his father was an alcoholic and would beat him when he got drunk. Crisanto lived on the streets for two years. During the day he would earn money by snatching bags and phones or scavenging rubbish for recycling. At night, he slept in a cemetery with a gang of other boys.

“We were very poor and my parents were always fighting,” Crisanto remembers. “When my father got drunk he would hit me. It started when I was six years old. He did it just because he felt like it – he wasn’t himself when he was drunk. That’s when I began thinking I was nothing more than a burden. A few years later I decided to run away.

“After that I lived in Sangandaan Cementery. It was very dangerous. I was in a gang and the other boys made me do rugby [a Filipino term for sniffing glue]. The gang would steal things like mobile phones and we would scavenge for plastic bottles and electric wire. We would sell recyclable materials to junk shops to get money for food or drugs. You could buy a cup of rugby for 5 pesos. I didn’t get hungry when I sniffed rugby.”

There were lots of problems on the streets for children like Crisanto. “I got into a lot of fights back then and I would get chased by policemen,” he says. “I would get dizzy from hunger and sick with eye infections. I couldn’t afford to buy any medicine when I was sick. I would beg for drinks from canteens and wash in the public toilets. Studying didn’t even cross my mind. I didn’t know I could go to school.”

Movin’ on up

Things started to get better for Crisanto when he met Elvie, a street educator from Childhope Asia Philippines. “Elvie came to the cemetery where I lived and we’d go to a quiet place to talk,” Crisanto says. “We talked about my life on the streets and about children’s rights. That’s when I became interested in pursuing my education.”

Elvie brough Crisanto to Pangarap Shelter, which is run by Pangarap Foundation with support from UNICEF. The shelter offers a homelike atmosphere for boys who are unable to return to their family homes and gives them the opportunity to go back to school. “I first came to Pangarap Shelter in 2006 but I ran away because some kids were being mean and bullying me,” Crisanto says. “I went to another shelter, Kuya Centre, where I stayed for three years and went to school. Then I came back here to Pangarap.”

At first, Crisanto had trouble fitting in at the shelter. He would get into fights with the other children. He felt he had to be tough, like when he was on the streets. But he’s calmed down since then. Now, he likes to study and help other boys with their homework. He’s more playful and smiles more often. “I feel happy here because I can study again,” Crisanto says. “I have a new life and can be like a normal child. I like the activities here and the resilience sessions. This is a program to keep us from going astray. It gives us greater strength and guidance as we grow older.”

The shelter also has a workshop where the boys can earn money by making candles for sale. “For every candle you sell, you get 20 per cent of the price,” Crisanto explains. “I use the money if I need to buy something or I give it to my mother when I go home. I visit my family every three months. I’m happy when I’m at home because I’m with my Mama again and she knows that I’m back in school.”

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Time for class

Crisanto leaves the shelter every morning and goes to a local school, Pasay West, with other boys from the shelter. “I’ve been coming here for one year,” he says at the school. “I’m happy here. My friend Arvin from the shelter is in the same class as me. I like learning about the history of the Philippines and finding out how things came about. My favourite sport is badminton because it’s fun to play and I often win.”

“I’m happy because I’m studying again after staying on the streets for so long. I’ll get my high school certificate in two years. When I’ve finish studying I can get a job and help my Mama. I’ve met a lot of people here and I’ve gained new inspiration.”

When classes finish, Crisanto comes back to the shelter for lunch. Afterwards, he does his homework and daily chores, then he has free time to play. “I practice dance moves every evening with my friend Arvin,” he says. “We watch videos on MTV and make up our own moves. Even though we’ve got exams, we still want to have a quick practice before revision.”

Crisanto’s parents are now separated and his father has left home. His mother works at a denim factory but is still very poor. Recently, Crisanto went with his mother to see his father. He was surprised because his father was not as big as he remembered and he wasn’t afraid of him anymore. “My father apologised for all the things he did to us, like hitting me,” he says. “I’ve forgiven him and I feel much better now. My family is my motivation to have a better life. I want to lift them out of poverty.

“I’ll leave Pangarap Shelter when I have a good job,” Crisanto continues. “I’ll only go when they know I’m okay and I can really fend for myself. I’m contemplating two choices: going to college to study accounting or becoming a sailor and travelling the world. I’d like to go to Beijing and see the Great Wall of China. Then I’d like to come to the UK and see what it looks like, the way of life, and if there are any street children there.”

Gimme shelter

UNICEF is helping children like Crisanto get an education and reintegrate into their families and communities. We’re supporting Pangarap Shelter with clothes and bedding for the children, as well as training and education materials for the social workers, teachers and psychologists who staff the centre. We also support Childhope Asia Philippines, which employs street educators like Elvie. They do outreach work with children who are still living and working on the streets.

Ultimately, the aim is to return children to their families or to a foster home. The family receives livelihood assistance, counselling services and parenting skills training. Social workers work with the parents to make sure they’re prepared to assume parental responsibilities, particularly if the child has had negative experiences in the past.

For children living and working on the streets of Manila, life is an ongoing battle in which their rights are denied on a daily basis. However, through the work of UNICEF and Pangarap Foundation, children like Crisanto have been able to escape this environment and start enjoying their right to a full and happy childhood.

Movin' on up: Typhoon Ketsana one year on

I visited the town of San Pedro in Laguna, the Philippines, in December 2009 following Typhoon Ketsana. I went back in August 2010 to see how the situation of children had improved.

Lusminda and Danilo Morales outside their new home
© UNICEF Philippines/2010/Andy Brown

Ten-year-old Danilo Morales lives with his parents and eight brothers and sisters in a single room concrete house in South Ville resettlement community, San Pedro, Laguna. The family don’t have much but they’re grateful for it nonetheless. This time last year, the Morales family was among the 400,000 people forced to abandon their homes and seek shelter in evacuation centres as Typhoon Ketsana (known locally as Tropical Storm Ondoy) raged across the Laguna area. The storm pummelled the Morales’s shanty home in Landayan to pieces and the rising floodwaters swept away their possessions. They were lucky to escape with their lives.

“We were very afraid when the storm arrived,” Danilo’s mother Lusminda said. “It was raining hard and the flood waters were moving fast. My husband and I managed to get all the children safely to Landayan covered court, where we sheltered for the first few days.” The family were transferred to three different evacuation centres, before finally moving to their new home in South Ville. “It was a difficult time for us,” Lusminda recalled. “We had problems getting food, water, clothing and medicines when the children got sick.”

Things are much better now for the Morales. “We’re very happy to have our own home. It’s safe here and we don’t have to worry when it rains. The school is close by and we can go into town on the jeepney to buy food. My husband and I make a bit of money selling ‘taho’ but we’re looking for a better livelihood. I hope there are no more floods and we can live happily ever after”

Looking back

This was my second visit to the San Pedro area. The first time was in December 2009. Back then, Laguna lake was still overflowing and hundreds of families from the Landayan area were packed into a crowded covered court at San Pedro Elementary School. The situation was difficult, both for the evacuees who struggled to make ends meet and for the teachers and students who had to share their school with them.

I started off by revisiting the school and met up with Emily Ebreo, the teacher who showed me round last time. The school was at once familiar and utterly transformed. As we walked around the covered court, I could still picture the evacuation centre in my mind. “This is where people cooked and this is where they hung their clothes out to dry,” I said to Emily, pointing here and there. Now, the court was full of excited children running around and, once I’d got out my camera, posing for photos in ever growing crowds.

The covered court was still chaotic but in a very different way. The chaos of a normal schoolyard with children running around and shouting happily had replaced the desperate chaos of the evacuation centre. The classrooms that had formerly housed evacuees, forcing the school to cut lessons, were now refurbished, brightly decorated and full of young students. I’d visited on the day of a ‘readathon’ and children were engrossed in books of Filipino myths and legends. Later, they would be asked to explain the stories in their own words.

There had been some more recent storm damage to the school. In July, Typhoon Bashang had brought down a large tree in the schoolyard, damaging the roofs of two classrooms. “We were closed for a few days but it was nowhere near as bad as Ondoy,” Emily said.

Children play in the covered court formerly used as an evacuation centre
© UNICEF Philippines/2010/Andy Brown

Settling down

I wanted to find out what had happened to the evacuees so we went to the local council office, where we met Marilou Balba in the urban development and housing department. “We moved the families out of the schools earlier this year so as not to disrupt the children’s education,” she explained. “Some went back to their provinces and others moved back to their old homes when the water level in the lake went back down.

“We’ve built new homes for the rest at South Ville resettlement community. This was originally intended for informal settlers living along the railway line but we’ve allocated one area for Ondoy evacuees. We’re planning an extension so that we can rehouse the people who went back to homes alongside the lake. They’re still at risk if there’s another flood.”

Marilou agreed to take us to South Ville to meet the families who had been rehoused there. We drove out along a rough road, past factories and an old dump site. The resettlement community itself was built along a regular grid, with blocks of small concrete houses laid out in meticulously straight lines, in marked contrast to the organic sprawl of urban slums. An elementary school was already up and running and a clinic was under construction. At the local office I was shown a map of the site, with the areas set aside for railway families highlighted in pink and those for the Ondoy evacuees in yellow.

We walked down to the Ondoy block. Most children were in school but a few were still at home. Outside one house, a group of boys played a game of pool using counters on an ingenious homemade table that they swivelled round to line up the best shot. Next to them, a group of girls was at work making flower garlands for sale. Stalls and shops had sprung up on street corners selling food, water and household supplies.

After meeting the Morales family, we went to see the new school and speak to some of the students and teachers. Here, I met 11-year-old Marilou Paderez, also from Landayan. She was living in South Ville with her parents and four siblings. Her father had got a job as a construction work. “Our house was destroyed by the storm and we were evacuated to a covered court,” Marilou remembered. “Life was hard. We lived in a very small space and I couldn’t go to school for several months. I’m happy to be living here in South Ville. We have our own house and we don’t have to worry. I like the school and my teacher is very good.”

I asked Marilou what her favourite subject was. “I like Maths because you can divide, subtract, multiply and add up,” she replied. “When I grow up I want to be an accountant so I can help support my family.”

Prepare for the worst

Now that life has returned to normal in San Pedro, the priority is preparing for future disasters. The local council has set up a disaster coordinating council and, when I visited, the provincial government was holding a summit on disaster preparedness. One of the reasons the council is resettling people from Landayan in South Ville is so that they’re on higher ground if there’s another flood.

UNICEF is also working with schools and local communities on disaster preparedness. “One thing we’ve been working on in the last few years is a building back better programme,” UNICEF Philippines Communication Chief Angela Travis explained. “So we’re building stronger schools that should withstand typhoons much better than the original buildings.

“We’re also educating children and communities about what to do in a disaster. For example, many of the books and schools supplies were swept away when the water rose. So we’re encouraging people to put these things on higher shelves in schools and homes. The children also learn an emergency drill in the event of a disaster, to make sure everyone is accounted for.”

Philippines diary: Home for Christmas

Children do their best to learn in an over-crowded classroom
© UNICEF Philippines/2009/Andy Brown

In my last week working for UNICEF Philippines, I returned to the evacuation centres to see how children and their families were coping in the run up to Christmas. In the two months since Tropical Storm Ondoy, many of the 400,000 displaced people had returned to their homes or to resettlement communities. However, around 70,000 were still living in evacuation centres, primarily in the Laguna region.

The focus of the trip was on schools being used as evacuation centres. I was travelling with Martijn, who was looking at the impact on children’s education, and Hirut, who was testing a new needs assessment form.

The first evacuation centre, in San Pedro Elementary School, was quite chaotic. The 200 families living there had been told that the military would be arriving the next day to transfer them to a ceramics warehouse. While the education team met local officials, I went with a teacher to interview evacuees. I was quickly surrounded by a large crowd of people demanding food, money and supplies. They were clearly desperate and I knew from my security training how these situations can turn ugly. With the teacher’s help, I explained that my job was to report on their situation, in order to try and raise more money, but that I couldn’t personally promise them anything. Eventually they calmed down but it was an unnerving experience.

The second school, Dela Paz Main Elementary, was much more organised and peaceful. We were shown round by Mrs Bennett Layngan, the teacher in charge of evacuees, who also teaches a Grade Four class in the afternoons. She was managing the situation as best she could. “The evacuees are in a separate extension wing, separated from the rest of the school,” she explained. “They have a water pump and cooking and cleaning areas. There are also education sessions for the children, run by Save the Children. To make room for the evacuees, some of our students have been transferred to another school nearby.”

Close family

Mariel, 9, demonstrates her washing up skills at the evacuation centre
© UNICEF Philippines/2009/Andy Brown

We also met the Cervito family, who were living in the evacuation centre. The family of six were living in a two-metre square corner of a former classroom. Their tiny living area was marked by bedsheets hung from a clothes line, with their few remaining possessions neatly arranged on a small wooden table.

I spoke to Mariel Cervito, 9, who is in Grade One. She told me that she enjoys maths, reading and writing and wants to be doctor when she grows up. “I like having lots of play mates here but I miss my home,” she said of living in the evacuation centre. “I like helping my mum wash the dishes.”

After the storm struck, Mariel and her four siblings were carried to safety by their parents. “We just took the children and left all our possessions,” her mother Marlene recalled. “My husband and I waded here through the flood waters carrying the children.”

The Cervitos’ home is near Laguna lake and has been flooded since September. The waters are slowly subsiding but with no drainage channel from the lake, it will take until the end of January before it’s safe for families to move back in. As a result, they will have to spend Christmas in the evacuation centre. “I’ve been back to the house to clean it but the water’s still knee deep outside,” Marlene said. “When I open the doors, it just floods back in.”

There are nearly 150 families still living at Dela Paz Main Elementary School and life isn’t easy for them. “It’s uncomfortable and sometimes dangerous,” Marlene commented. “My one year old fell down the stairs and cracked her head open. She’s OK now but we had to rush her to hospital.” The family had no money so Bennett paid the hospital fees out of her own pocket.

The school was only a couple of blocks from the flooded area, so afterwards we drove down to take a look. The streets were still flooded and we had to be careful where we drove. We saw women and children wading to those houses that were still habitable and a few other vehicles driving slowly through the water. On one street, we unexpectedly saw three men carrying a fridge through the flood waters and into a house.

Training days

I spent the rest of the week training Marge, Pam and Gina in a range of web activities including audio and video editing, designing mass emails and producing ‘splash’ webpages. I also wrote a report for UNICEF’s regional headquarters in Bangkok about what we’d achieved over the two months, with recommendations for other offices in the region.

On the social side, I organised a trip to climb Taal Volcano with Martijn, Silje, Harout and others. A few hour’s drive south of Manila, Taal is an impressive sight, with a (geologically speaking) young volcano rising out of a lake inside the vast crater of an ancient volcano. On the way up, we passed hot vents exhaling sulphurous steam into the atmosphere. Back in Manila, I went to a gig with Marge to see my favourite Filipino band, Sinosikat?, at a small venue in a converted Spanish villa.

Martijn and I both finished work on 18 December, so we had a joint leaving party. Rather than going straight back to the UK, I’d taken the opportunity to spend my Christmas and New Year holiday in the Philippines. My girlfriend, Joyce, flew out to join me and together we travelled south to the Bacuit Archipelago, in Palawan, then north to Banaue rice terraces, in Luzon.

The Bacuit Archipelago is how I imagine Thailand must have been like before mass tourism arrived there. We stayed in a beachside cottage in a rural village on the mainland and took snorkelling trips out with local fisherman to the islands, where vertical limestone cliffs rose directly out of a still sea. On Christmas Day, we watched the sun set behind the islands from a boat in the bay, as giant turtles swam past.

Me and Joyce at the rice terraces in Banaue

The rice terraces at Banaue gave us a glimpse into Filipino life in past centuries. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the mountain sides were first sculpted into stone walls terraces somewhere between two and four thousand years ago. Local farmers still maintain the terraces and elaborate irrigation system. They live in traditional wood and bamboo houses, although in many places the thatched roofs have been replaced by corrugated iron. At Batad, a vast amphitheatre-shaped terrace dominates a small village in the basin below. When we visited, farmers were just starting to plant the rice for next year and a few vivid patches of bright green stood out amongst the fallow fields.

In Manila I’d met Jacque, a friend of Angela’s, who works at the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation. She told us about a project she was managing in the area. Many of the rice terraces are declining in productivity and can no longer support the area’s growing population. They are also under attack from worms, accidently imported in pig feed, which eat the rice roots and weaken the terrace walls. “We’re working with local farmers to eradicate the worms and diversify their rice crops, enabling two harvests a year instead of just one,” Jacque said.

Eventually, my time in the Philippines drew to a close and I packed my bags with some reluctance. I’m looking forward to going home and returning to work at UNICEF UK but there are many things I’ll miss. It’s been an amazing experience to live and work in another country and I’ve gained a much deeper understanding of UNICEF’s work after seeing so many projects and meeting the children who are our ultimate beneficiaries. I’ve also been working with a great team of enthusiastic people, who have in many cases become good friends and introduced me to Filipino culture. Finally, I’ll miss the tropical weather and lush scenery as I head back to a country in the icy grip of its worst winter for thirty years.

Philippines diary: Gimme shelter

Efren, 11, lost three fingers in a flour grinding machine
© UNICEF UK/Philippines 2009/Sharron Lovell

In my penultimate week in the Philippines, I returned to the streets of Binondo to revisit the street children living and working around the night market. This time, I was joined by Sharron Lovell, a Shanghai-based photographer, who had been commissioned by UNICEF UK to take photos of street children for a fundraising campaign. My role was to collect the stories of the children she photographed.

We were reunited with Butch from Childhope Asia Philippines, who was very happy with the photos and story I sent him from our previous trip together. We arrived in Binondo at around 3pm and started looking for Butch’s students. In the end we were out on the streets for eight hours, interspersing our time photographing children with refueling stops at Jolibee (the Filipino equivalent of MacDonalds) and Starbucks, where I quizzed Butch for details of the children’s case histories.

I was amazed by how much information he had in his head, not just about the kids but about their parents, some of whom were also former students of his. “I have thousands of case histories in here,” Butch said, taping his forehead.

In the month since our last trip, Butch had won a ‘Filipino hero’ award on C/S 9, one of the Philippines’ most popular TV channels, in recognition of his many years working with street children. As a result, almost everyone now knows him – from the street kids who call him ‘Papa Butch’ to the customers in the coffee shops and restaurants who asked for his autograph or had their photo taken with him.

One of the many children we met that night was 11-year-old Efren (not his real name), who lives on the streets with a group of friends. Earlier this year, he dropped a one peso coin (1.3 pence) in a flour grinding machine. When he put his hand in to get it back, he lost three fingers. The stall owner paid for Efren to go to the hospital but he couldn’t afford to pay for medication, so the wound got infected.

Efren hasn’t been home since February. His older brother came to Butch and asked him to look out for him on the streets. Butch found him in July, by which time his hand had become infected. “I’d been looking for him for months, then one day he just turned up at an education session,” Butch commented. “By that point his hand smelt really bad.” Childhope Asia arranged for Efren to go back to hospital and get a skin graft, and is now paying for the antibiotics he needs. Butch gives him medication twice a day and changes his dressing every three days.

Efren still comes to the street education sessions with his friends but he’s a slow learner. Butch is trying to persuade him to go to a shelter so he can be properly looked after. Efren doesn’t want to go home. His family live in the port area where his father used to run a delivery business. “Last year his father sold his kidney for 70,000 pesos. Now he’s too ill to work,” Butch says.

Despite his injury, Efren is an outgoing, playful child. He was very active, running and jumping all over the place. He showed off his injured hand, which was red and raw and shaped like a deformed claw, and tried to gross out his friends with it. “It’s a good sign that he plays with his hand,” Butch explained. “It means that he’s accepted what’s happened to him.”

A new hope

Carl, 13, ran away from home after being abused by his father
© UNICEF UK/Philippines 2009/Sharron Lovell

The next day, we visited Pangarap Shelter for Street Children, where Butch refers those of his students who tell him they want to stop living on the streets. The centre, which is staffed by social workers, house parents, teachers and psychologists, offers a homelike atmosphere for former street boys who are unable to return home. While at the shelter, they can attend school and there is a workshop where they can make candles and beads for sale in the shelter’s shop, earning a share of the proceeds.

Unlike government-run ‘rescue’ programmes, children go to these shelters voluntarily and are free to leave at any time. UNICEF is supporting Pangarap with educational materials, clothes and bedding for the children and training for the teachers and social workers.

At the shelter, we attended a group therapy session, where a dozen boys talked through their experiences, facilitated by a child psychologist, also called Sharon. Afterwards, I interviewed five boys, including Carl, 13, who used to live with his mother and sister at a brothel. His sister ran the bar while his mother did the cleaning and housework. There were lots of strippers and prostitutes living there and he found it very difficult to study.

His father, who has since left home, used to physically abuse him. He would put him in a sack and hang him upside down from a tree. Then he would beat him with a stick. Carl told Sharon that his father put holes in the sack so he could hear him scream but he tried to keep silent because he didn’t want to give him the satisfaction. “I think the holes might have been there so he could breath,” Sharon says, “But that’s not the way a child views it.” Either way, it’s a horrific story.

“I ran away from home because I felt imprisoned there,” Carl said. “It was always chaotic and my parents would fight about money. After I left, I sold plastic bottles for a living.”

Carl is happy to be at the shelter. “I’m able to study here and I can stand on my own two feet,” he commented. “My favourite subject is Maths. I want to be a ship engineer and go to different countries. Most of all, I want to go to Australia because Mr Bond is made there. It’s my favourite brand of coffee – it tastes so good.”

Carl also enjoys the group therapy sessions with other boys. “We’re given advice so we can finish our studies,” he added. “We’re taught not to steal and to enjoy ourselves.”

After the session, we went downstairs to the recreation area where the boys played basketball and other games. One group of teenagers was setting up a scrabble board and invited me to join. I tried to find words that were relevant to the Philippines, starting with ‘jeep’, then ‘beach’ and – more controversially – ‘steal’. “This is what you’ve been taught not to do,” I said to laughter.

I’d previously noticed that male Filipino youths show their affection for each other by walking with one person’s arm across the other’s shoulder. As I was playing the game, Carl came over to watch and put his arm over my shoulder in the same way. It was a touching moment for me as it meant that even after our brief acquaintance, he considered me a friend.

Birthday boy

Enjoying the underwater world in Anilao

This was also my birthday week. I was born in November, so I’ve always been slightly jealous of people with summer birthdays and it was a nice change to spend it in the Philippines.

On my actual birthday, I went out with assorted friends and colleagues to ‘The Filling Station’, a 1950s-style diner. Every spare inch was filled with memorabilia, from framed portraits of the Rat Pack, to superhero statues and an antique juke box (non-functioning). We ate ‘crispy pata’ – a traditional Filipino dish made from pig trotters – played pool and took comedy photos with the statues.

At the weekend, I went on diving trip to Anilao on a sheltered bay south of Manila with Martijn and Erik, a Swedish friend of Martijn’s who’d come over to visit. We arrived at the diving centre by boat, traversing clear, still water like that of the Mediterranean but teeming with tropical life. The resort was perched on a rocky ledge over a coral reef in a marine reserve, with sheer cliffs rising vertically behind it.

We did four dives and snorkeling trips over the course of the weekend. I remember underwater scenes of astonishing beauty. There were brightly colored corals and shoals of tropical fish everywhere you looked. Long slender needle fish swam together in a line, while a dozen batfish floated lazily in the shade of a coral chimney.

There were enormous purple giant clams tethered to the bottom of trenches formed by the coral and camouflaged scorpion fish, which looked exactly like barnacle encrusted rock until they moved. At the edge of the reef, the sea floor dropped off into a hypnotic, dark blue immensity below.

Not for the first time, I marveled at how easily we think of the world as comprising everything above water, remaining unaware of the second, magical world that exists just the other side of the water’s surface.

Philippines diary: In the line of fire

With Marge and Baby at Sabang’s underground river

I spent most of my sixth week in the Philippines on the island of Palawan, at a UNICEF-supported training session for journalists from the troubled region of Mindanao, where a civil war between government forces and Islamic separatists has been raging with greater or lesser intensity since the late 1960s.

Parts of Mindanao are notorious for the kidnapping and murder of Westerners but the province is equally dangerous for journalists. In recent years, there has been an increase in murders of journalists throughout the Philippines, most of which go unsolved. This had already earned the Philippines the dubious distinction of being the second most dangerous country in the world for journalists after Iraq.

We arrived in Palawan a few days early to do a bit of sightseeing, in particular to visit the famous underground river at Sabang, a UNESCO world heritage site. From the outside, the river looks unremarkable, just a low cave mouth at the edge of a sandy blue-green pool. Once you pass under the rocky archway, however, you are transported into another world. Within a few minutes the cave is pitch black, with the distinctive clicking sound of swifts and bats echolocating all around you in the dark.

The underground river is navigable by boat for 8km, although we only travelled about half of that distance, passing through a massive ‘cathedral’, with a vast high roof far above us and huge stalagmite pillars along the walls. Armed with a flashlight, our guide interspersed popular science that wouldn’t have been out of place on a David Attenborough show with well-rehearsed jokes about the shapes of the rock formations. He pointed out one stalagmite that looked vaguely like a naked woman. “We call that one Sharon Stone,” he quipped.

The landscape of Palawan is even more striking than that of Camarines Norte. Tall limestone cliffs tower over lush green paddy fields like vast statements of natural power, akin to Manila’s skyscrapers and malls lording it over the slums. We passed wood and bamboo houses raised on stilts, partly for ventilation and partly to provide shelter for livestock during the not infrequent rains. Outside, farmers were laying out rice grains on cloths along the road to dry in the sun.

Training days

Antonio Manaytay, 44, is a journalist in Mindanao

The media training started on Monday morning. Run by Probe Media Foundation, a partner of UNICEF, it aimed to provide 28 Mindanao journalists with training on ethical reporting of children and to introduce them to issues around children’s rights. After a previous training session and workshop in Davao City in September, the journalists returned home to record their own stories on children’s rights – some in print or on the web, others for radio or TV.

The Palawan workshop was a chance for the journalists to share these stories and get feedback from each other and a panel of experts. The stories presented included child labor in Batang Kalabaw, school bullying in Davao, solvent abuse in Zamboanga and children affected by armed conflict in Marawi.

What we didn’t know until Monday afternoon was that, as the delegates began presenting their work, back in Mindanao 26 of their colleagues were shot dead, along with 31 local politicians and observers, as they tried to file nomination papers for a candidate in local elections next year.

The killings took place in Maguindanao, on Mindanao Island, and were linked to tensions between rival clans vying for political office in the elections next year. “Never in the history of journalism have the news media suffered such a heavy loss of life in one day,” Reporters Sans Frontiers said, condemning the “incomprehensible bloodbath”. As a result, literally overnight the Philippines overtook Iraq to become the most dangerous place for journalists on Earth.

We were all shocked and upset by the killings but the incident also underscored the importance of UNICEF’s work supporting journalists in Mindanao. Two of the participants at the training session had been invited to cover the Maguindanao event and would have been killed too if they had gone. Another delegate had staff members among those killed. If nothing else, just holding the workshop had saved two lives.

I had also been due to go to Mindanao the week after to report on UNICEF’s work with children affected by conflict. Unsurprisingly, the trip was cancelled – I was both disappointed and a little bit relieved but determined to do my best in Palawan.

I interviewed Marge about the thinking behind the training. “The Philippines has one of the freest media in the world but unfortunately it also has one of the highest incidences of journalist killings,” she said. “The challenge is for journalists to express themselves freely without fear of being punished or killed because of their views.”

In addition to running these kinds of workshops, UNICEF Philippines regularly monitors how children are portrayed in the media. “The most common problem is denying a child’s right to privacy,” Marge continued. “Sometimes in sensitive cases like sexual abuse, the child’s face is shown on TV or their real name is used, which makes them easy to identify. Children can also be made to relive difficult experiences and their stories can sometimes be sensationalised.”

The boatman’s call

Rodney, 13, works as a ferryman on the Olutanga straits
© Inside Mindanao/Antonio Manaytay

Despite their worries back home, most of the delegates remained in good spirits during the session. Once again, I was put on the panel of experts and asked to comment on the work. I felt like a bit of a fraud but did my best to highlight child rights issues and give constructive criticism of the style and content of the pieces. At the end I was asked to hand out awards and received one myself for being ‘Mr Brilliant’ – a reference to my British vocabulary, which causes much amusement here. Marge also finds words like ‘chirpy’ and ‘mozzie’ hilarious.

The quality of the journalistic pieces varied – partly due to the varying levels of training and experience – but the best pieces were powerful and moving accounts of children’s lives in Mindanao. One of the stongest print pieces was an article on child labour by freelance journalist Antonio Manaytay, 44, from Zamboanga. The article, which he wrote for news website InsideMindanao.com and the Zamboanga Sibugay Tribune, focused on children who work as ferrymen, rowing adult passengers across the straits that separate Olutanga Island from the mainland.

“Thirteen-year-old Rodney Balagot appeared too small for a boy of his age,” Antonio wrote. “His bony sun-tanned arms paled in size to the paddle he gripped with his hands, safely guiding the motorized boat carrying his six passengers to dock.” Three years ago, Rodney’s father died and he had to drop out of school to help his mother support the family. He has been working as a ferryman since then, making around ten trips a day across the straits. “But I don’t stop dreaming of returning to school one day,” he told Antonio.

Antonio was inspired to become a journalist after ten years working on conflict resolution and community development in the NGO sector.”I feel that there are important stories to be told,” he explained. “Children’s rights issues in particular are not being reported, or are being misreported.”

When he got an email from a colleague about the training course, Antonio was immediately interested. “I thought this training was a good opportunity to learn new skills and sharpen my tools,” he continued. “Since starting the course, I’ve learned a lot about media ethics and how to approach the stories of children.”

Before the conference finished, I wrote a story about the training in the context of the massacre in Mindanao, and posted it on the UNICEF website and Facebook. Our moderator, Ariel, was from the Philippine Press Association and asked for a copy to send to their member newspapers. I’m used to writing at a greater distance from the breaking news, but this time I felt like a proper journalist – and proud to be one.

“No story is worth dying for,” said Jewel Reyes, a TV reporter for ABS-CBN in Zamboanga, who has received death threats from the Mindanao terrorist group Abu Sayyaf. However, for these journalists there are plenty of unreported children’s stories worth living for.

Philippines diary: Iron man

Sunday 15 November began early, as I met Gina at 4:45am to get a taxi to Fort Bonifacio, the starting point of Manila’s Timex ‘Iron Man’ race. Part of the proceeds of the race were donated to a UNICEF school project.We started at 5:30am, just as the sky was starting to lighten. The first half of the race was easy enough, despite climbing a flyover with sweeping views across the slums and skyscrapers of the city. Things got trickier on the way back though, as the sun brought with it a noticeable increase in heat and humidity, but I finally sprinted across the finish line in 58 minutes.

After a quick change of clothes, the sporting theme continued with the world welterweight title boxing match between Filipino Manny Pacquiao and Miguel Cotto, the reigning champion. I’m not normally a huge boxing fan but it was impossible not to get caught up in the enthusiasm for the event.

The importance of this match for Filipinos cannot be underestimated: Pacquiao is a national hero with an amazing life story. He started off as a street child, similar to those I met in Binondo, skipping school to help his single mother sell vegetables on the roadside in General Santos City, Mindanao. Even with his help, his mother still wasn’t earning enough to feed six children, so Manny left home at 14 to go to Manila, where he worked as a laborer and became an amateur boxer.

Fast forward 14 years and Pacquiao’s face glowers out of the cover of Time Magazine, as he aims to become the first boxer in history to win world titles in seven different weight categories.

For the first two rounds, the fight seemed equal but it all changed in the third round, when Pacquiao knocked Cotto down with a flurry of blows. The venue erupted as everyone cheered wildly, threw confetti in the air and hugged their nearest neighbor. The fight continued into the twelfth round, but it was increasingly obvious that Pacquiao had won the belt and world record he sought.

Chain of command

Back in the office, I spent my time getting the website ready for the 20th anniversary of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), an event with huge significance for UNICEF.

I also visited two projects: one on immunization and another on children living and working on a rubbish dump in Payatas. For the immunization project, I visited a health centre in Manila where mothers, and in some cases grandmothers, brought their babies to receive vaccinations against diseases like measles, diphtheria and tuberculosis.

I also saw Manila’s main cold room, where the city’s vaccines are stored, and met Rolando, the cold chain manager for Manila. An engineer by trade, he is now the Philippines’ leading expert on storing and transporting vaccines. He’s spent the last twenty years ensuring that they’re kept at exactly the right temperature to preserve the delicate biological material inside each tiny vial.

Rolando told me about the challenge of delivering vaccines in the aftermath of Tropical Storm Ondoy. “We had to use military trucks and boats to get the vaccines to the evacuation centres,” he said.

Below the poverty line

My second project visit of the week was to Payatas, Quezon City, where a community of 200,000 people live alongside, and in many cases work on top of, the city’s main rubbish dump. Driving into the slum settlement, you cannot escape the spectre of the dump, which looms above the ramshackle houses like a sacred mountain to some twisted deity.

The town is a stark illustration of the economics of poverty. The main road is lined with ‘junk shops’ that buy plastic, metal, paper and glass by the kilo, for sale to massive recycling plants in southern China. The junk shops take all the profit and none of the risk, typically turning over millions of pesos a year while paying a pittance to the desperate dump workers.

Children risk their lives every day scavenging the dump site for the quantities of recyclable materials needed to make a living. They are at risk of diseases such as respiratory infections, pneumonia, diarrhoea and tuberculosis. The dump itself is unstable and parts of it can collapse in heavy rain, burying workers and their homes beneath the rubbish.

There are also dangers from the vehicles and machinery. “The sister of one of our students died recently after being run over by a garbage truck,” Helen from UNICEF’s partner organisation Kokkyo Naki Kodomotachi says. “The driver didn’t see her because she was so small. She was only nine years old.”

In the last year, things have got even worse for these children and their families. The global economic crisis has caused many of the Chinese recycling plants to close, reducing demand for the scrap materials. The junk shops have responded by slashing their prices by up to half. This means the children have to spend twice as long on the dump site and carry twice as much rubbish up the hill to the junk shops, just to earn the same meagre amount.

“Tin cans have gone down from 25 peso to 15 peso per kilo, plastic cups from 12 peso to 5 peso and clear plastic from 2 peso to 1 peso,” Helen says. By way of comparison, a single can of Coke costs 25 peso in a 7-Eleven store in Makati city.

The living conditions are scarcely better than the working environment. Slum houses, often made of materials scavenged from the dump, are crammed together right up to its edge. The border between the dump and the town is porous and the rubbish finds its way into the town, where it lines the streets and clogs the waterways. The town does have electricity but no running water or proper drainage. The smell of the dump lingers over everything, getting into clothes and hair, so that even those children who are lucky enough to go to school face discrimination from their peers.

“Hard up families live in Payatas as an option to survive,” UNICEF’s Jess Far says. “These are the poorest of the poor.”

Alternative learning

UNICEF is supporting Kokkyo Naki Kodomotachi (KnK), a local NGO that provides alternative learning sessions for children in Payatas whose parents can’t afford to send them to school. They have two classrooms: one by the old dump and one by the new, larger dump. This is partly to make it easier for the kids to come to class from work but also for a more sinister reason. There are gang wars between rival factions working the two dumps and children get caught in the middle. One family we visited has a daughter with brain damage caused by a stray bullet from a gang-related shooting.

We visited both centres. The first centre was holding an elementary class, although you wouldn’t know it from the age of the children there, many of whom were already teenagers. In the afternoon, we saw a high school class at the second centre, where Michelle, 16, delivered a presentation about Ghandi. Encouragingly, children who attend regularly can sit an exam and get a qualification which is now recognised by the department of Education as equivalent to a high school diploma. Less encouragingly, the pass rate is around 25 per cent.

“I’ve been coming to the learning sessions for ten months,” Michelle says. “I liked reading the story of Gandhi because it made me realise that you have to strive to be able to reach your dreams. I’m very thankful to KnK for giving me the opportunity to complete my studies and to integrate with other students.”

The visit made a deep impression on me. In the UK, we’re used to thinking of recycling as a good thing and of course in many ways it is. But now every time I put my rubbish down the garbage chute in my apartment block, I think of a child picking up my empty water bottle and putting it towards their next kilo of plastic, for their next two pesos.

Happily, the week ended on a high point as Philippines President Gloria Arroyo signed a bill making child pornography illegal, in a major victory for UNICEF and other child rights advocates. UNICEF Philippines has been campaigning on the issue for several years and had specifically called for the law to be passed before next year’s national elections.

I was able to write this up as the lead news story for the website, as we marked the anniversary of the CRC on Friday. Much work remains to be done on child rights but it was a timely reminder of what has been achieved by UNICEF and its partners in their ongoing struggle to achieve a world fit for children.

Philippines diary: On the road

My fourth week in the Philippines was dominated by a three day trip to Camarines Norte, a province south of Manila. It’s one of the poorer parts of the Philippines and where Typhoon Santi made landfall last week. For both reasons, it’s a prime target for UNICEF’s work. My manager, Angela, has been given responsibility for this province, so she was on a fact finding mission, while my role was to report on projects we’ve funded there.

As we left Manila, our flight passed over the flood plain by Laguna de Bay, southeast of the city. We were in a small plane, and flying low, so this time I could clearly see the flooded fields, with hedges, trees and the occasional rooftop rising above the waterline. I watched small speedboats navigate their way across the flooded fields and past the rooftops. I realised that nature had resculpted the landscape, creating a new shoreline. In one place, a village had been cleft in two, with one side now on the coast and the other on a new island in the expanded lake.

After landing at 7am, we had a two-hour drive to our final destination, so I took the opportunity to catch up on my sleep. I woke up just as we arrived at the Provincial Government building, which was decorated with a banner reading ‘Welcome to Camerinas Norte, Ms Angela Travis and Party’, then had the slightly disconcerting experience of meeting and greeting the Vice Governor while still half asleep.

Cam Norte is one of the poorest provinces in the Philippines, unlike Cam Sur which gets tourist income from the surfing crowd. Nonetheless it’s a beautiful place, with cloud wreathed mountains rising out of a wide green land, fringed by long white-sand beaches and deserted tropical islands. The concrete and iron of Manila have given way to traditional buildings made of wood and bamboo and the population is enlivened by the occasional indigenous community of pre-Malay people, related to Australian aborigines.

Our project visits began the next day, with a whistle-stop tour of five schools in the typhoon-affected region. In one village, we arrived to find the TV channel AVS handing out aid in a large basketball arena. It was a somewhat surreal affair and very different to a UNICEF distribution. Speakers had been set up, blasting out pop tunes such as ‘We Will Rock You’, soldiers stood guard with semi-automatic weapons and the survival packs were handed out by celebrities, including ‘Action King’ Robin Padilla, the only person in the indoor arena wearing sunglasses. My colleague Baby is a big fan of Robin’s so I took a quick photo of the two of them, which is destined for pride of place on Baby’s Facebook page.

Several of the schools we visited had storm-damaged buildings, but the image that stood out for me was at Paaralang Elementary School, where hundreds of flood-damaged textbooks had been put out to dry in the sun. They were on every available surface, carpeting the pathways, lining the stone walls and piled high on desks and chairs.

Practice what you teach

As well as looking at the damage to schools, we also wanted to see what was working. In Jose Panganiban High School, I met members of the ‘student government’, part of the Child Friendly School System established by UNICEF.

In a secret ballot six months ago, Krista Angeli Delica, 16, was elected President of the student government. After the region was hit by the recent Typhoon Santi, she organised a collection among fellow students to help buy food and clothing for those affected. “I got involved with the student government because by serving other students, I find self contentment and fulfilment,” she said.

The government also runs projects with money raised from parents, businesses and local government. They are currently fundraising to repair the school’s hand washing area, which was vandalised, and for additional medicines cabinets. “So far we’ve solicited funds for six medicine cabinets but our target is for 60,” Krista says. “We need first aid materials in the school for when pupils get sick or injured. At the moment they have to go to the nearest clinic.”

All in all, the students were an incredibly bright, eloquent group and had as many questions for me as I had for them. Admittedly some were about Harry Potter but most were about UNICEF and its work. I was even put on the spot by one girl who wanted to know what I thought was UNICEF’s greatest achievement. I came up with the significant reduction in HIV transmission from mother to child in recent years.

After the schools, we visited a counselling group for breastfeeding mothers. Breast milk gives babies all the nutrients they need for the first six months of life and helps protect them from disease. However, in the Philippines, many mothers spend hard-earned cash buying formula milk instead of breastfeeding, putting their babies’ health – and sometimes their lives – at risk. This is largely due to misconceptions and the aggressive marketing of infant formula by milk companies.

“Nine out of ten mothers in this area breastfeed,” Herminia Icatlo, the rural health midwife at the Vinzons breastfeeding group, says. “But working mothers often mix feed, so their babies don’t get the best milk all the time. Sometimes they don’t prepare the bottle properly or use contaminated water, so the baby gets diarrhoea.” In extreme cases, this can be fatal.

There are currently around 200 breastfeeding counselling groups in Camarines Norte and UNICEF is supporting many of them with training and materials. “We teach mothers how to breastfeed and tell them about nutrition and protecting their baby’s health.” Herminia says.

On Wednesday morning, we visited two early learning centres, including one run by a remarkable 66-year-old teacher in a UNICEF t-shirt, who refuses to retire. There was a moment of unintentional comedy at the community-based centre, when a small boy stood up in front of the class and sang a song he’d picked up from the local radio. The lyrics, which are highly unsuitable for nursery school, discuss the relative merits of gay and straight relationships. Somewhat surprisingly, he was allowed to complete his performance, concluding that boyfriends are best.

One of the paradoxes of the Philippines is that it’s devoutly Catholic but very open and accepting of different sexualities, certainly by regional standards. Perhaps this is because Filipinos have adapted religion to their local environment, in much the same way as they have language and the ever-present jeepneys.

Touch me not

In the afternoon, we visited a halfway house for abused and trafficked children. Emotionally, it was the toughest project visit so far. We met twelve-year old Caridad (not her real name) who was raped by six neighbours in her village four months ago. Her mother reported the incident to social services and Caridad was brought to the halfway house for her own safety, while the men were prosecuted. Caridad wants the men to go to jail. “We have the medical certificate as evidence against them,” her social worker Arlene says.

Despite her traumatic experience, Caridad is obviously happy at the halfway house and is very affectionate with Arlene, one of two social workers there. “I like living in this house,” Caridad says. “There are lots of things to do, like cooking and arts and crafts. Every day we decide our own menu and cook it together with the other children. I also like making decorations from recycled materials like drink bottles and crisp packets.”

The halfway house, which due to limited funds is the only one in its province, has dealt with a number of cases like Caridad’s in recent months. In another case, social workers discovered that several children between the ages of 12 and 16 had been trafficked to work as child prostitutes in bars in a nearby mining village, where there had been a gold rush.

Thankfully, the children were rescued from the bars by social workers and brought to the halfway house. Treatment was arranged for four of the children, who had contracted sexually-transmitted infections. Social services in their home towns were contacted, so that the children could be returned home, and a court case was also brought against the bar owners.

“The children didn’t know they were going to be sex workers,” Arlene says. “Their families were told they were going to be waitresses or dish washers and they were promised a better life. But when they arrived in the town they were told: ‘You have food and shelter, now this is what you have to do to pay for it’.”

The halfway house provides a range of services for children, using supplies and educational materials provided by UNICEF. “When the children arrive, we provide them with clothes, medical assistance and food,” Arlene says. “We then do group and individual therapy and some basic education. Many of these children haven’t been to school and don’t know how to read and write.”

Caridad hopes to return home and go back to school once her court case is over. “When I grow up, I want to be social worker or policewoman,” she says. “I want to help other people, like the social workers here have helped me.”

We need to protect the identity of at-risk children, so I obscured Caridad’s face in most of the photos. Before we left, however, I took some normal photos of the children smiling and fooling around together, which I’ll print and send to them when we get back Manila. It’s a small gesture but I feel that it’s important to give something back to these damaged but remarkably strong children.

All in all, Camarines Norte has opened my eyes to a range of issues in the rural areas of the Philippines. As always, I’m left with an enormous admiration for the people UNICEF works with and the amazing work they do, often on low wages and with little recognition. I hope that some of my articles can help to change the latter.